Transcriptomics

Track 10: Gene Expression Profiling

Molecular and cellular technologies have evolved into the era of single-cell genomics, which allows the simultaneous measurement of thousands of genes in thousands of "single" cells from a single specimen. . Advances in microfluidic and molecular cloning technologies have revolutionized our understanding of complex biological processes by improving resolution at the single cell level. Single-cell sequencing technology has also evolved over time, from processing dozens of cells simultaneously to millions of cells. New approaches to well-established models are being explored at the single-cell level in medical science, and new rare cell types are being reported, one after another.

The Human Cell Atlas (HCA) project represents an organized international collaborative effort to develop a comprehensive reference dataset covering all cell types in the human body1. The Functional Annotation of the Mammalian Genome (FANTOM)2 and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx)3 consortia represent earlier global efforts to profile the transcriptomes of various human cell types. These public transcriptome data on several major organs can be used as a reference in biological studies, as they provide single-cell genomic data for mice and humans. In particular, the HCA introduced the concept of modification and equity in data collection and analysis, thereby promoting single-cell genomics. Ando et al. discussed the introduction of single-cell genomic consortia that consider regional environments to develop the universal reference dataset of human cells4